{ "schemaVersion": 1, "pathSlug": "design-psychology", "items": [ { "questionId": "ux_design.perception_attention__6233865544", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "perception_attention", "difficulty": 4, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The same dashboard now needs twenty states that on-call engineers can name at a glance, and one colour scale already fails past about seven. Which approach does Miller's 1956 review support for raising that ceiling?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Use one scale with twenty steps and larger tiles for each state" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Spread twenty evenly spaced steps along one wider colour scale" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Replace the colours with twenty sizes of one identical icon" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Vary each state on several dimensions with crude yes-no steps" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.perception_attention__848783252412", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "perception_attention", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Sweller (1988) reports Owen and Sweller's trigonometry studies: one group had to find one named side of a diagram, the other had to find the lengths of all the sides, with time on task matched. What did the named-side group show?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Similar error counts, and more sides found overall" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Four to six times as many mathematical errors" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Fewer sides found, but with no difference in errors" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Fewer errors, and faster transfer to later problems" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.perception_attention__375139135491", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "perception_attention", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A product team assumes banner blindness only affects flashy display banners, so it treats a plain text sponsored result at the top of its search page as safe from it. What did NNG's latest eyetracking study observe on a search results page?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Participants read a top ad first when it was styled as text" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Participants skipped the ad only when it carried an image" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Participants read the ad and then skipped the first result" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Participants skipped a top ad whose look was far from traditional" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.perception_attention__669392721558", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "perception_attention", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The revenue team needs sponsored placements to stay on an article page, and the content team wants its related-guides panel to be seen. Which layout does NNG's banner blindness guidance support?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Mix ads among the guides so both get a share of the attention" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Remove the ads, since any placement near them poisons the page" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Style the guides in bold colours so they outshine nearby ads" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Retain the ads but give them a region apart from editorial blocks" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.perception_attention__686172504053", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "perception_attention", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "To free space on a desktop analytics app, a team moves the main navigation behind a menu icon. NNG's quantitative study of hidden versus visible menus predicts which change in how people use that navigation?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Fewer and later uses of the navigation within each task" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "More navigation use, since the page shows less clutter" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The same navigation use, with more room left for content" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The same navigation use, with better task-difficulty scores" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.perception_attention__334558735529", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "perception_attention", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A research lead wants to apply published attention studies to a product launching in forty countries. Henrich, Heine and Norenzayan (2010) cite Arnett's 2008 count of subjects in top psychology journals from 2003 to 2007. What share of those subjects came from Western industrialized countries?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "73 percent" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "68 percent" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "96 percent" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "12 percent" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.perception_attention__456975599832", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "perception_attention", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A research ops lead proposes calibrating a new visual-attention benchmark on a panel drawn only from US university students, calling it a conservative baseline. What does the cross-cultural evidence Henrich et al. (2010) review say about such a panel?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "It sits at an extreme, not the centre, of human variation" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "It differs from others on social tasks but not on vision" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "It understates effects, since students are more attentive" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "It matches the global average on basic visual tasks" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.perception_attention__144144372503", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "perception_attention", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A status dashboard encodes alert severity as twelve shades of one blue, and on-call engineers keep misnaming the level of a tile seen on its own. Near which figure does Miller's 1956 review put the number of levels people can identify on one dimension like this?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "About three levels" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "About twenty levels" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "About twelve levels" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "About seven levels" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.perception_attention__291679285166", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "perception_attention", "difficulty": 4, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Early comparisons using Witkin's Embedded Figures Test found little or no East-West difference in field dependence. Why did Nisbett et al. treat that null result as ambiguous?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The test figures were shown too briefly for careful search" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The samples were too small to detect an effect of that size" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The test was scored by raters who knew each group's origin" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The shapes resemble characters in Chinese and related scripts" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.perception_attention__49946420355", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "perception_attention", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A design system treats grouping by similarity as binary: two badges either match or they do not, so near-matching shades are logged as harmless. What did Wertheimer report about partial resemblance?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Degrees of difference also decide which items band together" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Partial likeness is ignored once any exact match is on the page" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Near-matches read as one group only when they are also adjacent" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Only an exact match on colour or shape forms a perceived group" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_principles__71962", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_principles", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is the 'cocktail party effect' and how does it relate to notification design?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A recommendation that alert sounds should mimic glasses being clinked together" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A preference for festive, celebration-themed visual treatments throughout an interface" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A rule that a product should be built for use in busy social gatherings and bars" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The knack for locking onto one signal, such as your own name, in a noisy room" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_principles__71953", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_principles", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "How does Fitts's Law explain why corners and edges of the screen are effective locations for UI controls?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Corner elements sit higher in the document order, so they receive pointer events first, before anything nearer the middle of the screen" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Screen edges act as infinitely large targets because the cursor cannot overshoot them, effectively making the target width infinite" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Screen edges render faster because the compositor does less GPU work on the outer band of the display panel" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Users naturally look at the corners of a screen first, an effect the Gestalt principle of closure predicts" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_principles__100433", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_principles", "difficulty": 1, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What does 'feedback' refer to as a fundamental design principle?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Communication back to the user about what the system did in response to their action." } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An indicator placed near a control to suggest, in advance, what action it is intended to perform." } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An arrangement between a control's position and the effect it produces in the world it operates on." } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A guideline that limits which inputs a control will accept so invalid operations cannot be attempted." } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_principles__71957", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_principles", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is 'change blindness' and how does it create UX problems?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The reluctance people feel toward a redesign of an interface they know" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Failing to spot a sizeable visual alteration when it arrives during a break" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Being unable to alter a stored preference once it has been committed too" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A rendering defect that keeps the stylesheet transitions from ever running here" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_principles__521843", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_principles", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A dev moves a frequently-clicked primary CTA from a 44px button at the bottom edge of a mobile screen to a 24px icon in the top-right corner of a desktop layout. Click-through drops sharply. Which law best predicts this and why?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Miller's Law: short-term memory load grows beyond seven plus or minus two items" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Fitts's Law: smaller target plus longer pointer distance increases acquisition time" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Hick's Law: increasing visible option count multiplies the user's decision latency in practice" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Jakob's Law: users expect the icon to behave like another product they know" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_principles__200345", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_principles", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A modal warns 'Are you sure?' before deletion, but the destructive button is the same colour as the cancel button. Which contrast best distinguishes the violated principle here?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Aesthetic minimalism is violated because the dialog adds an extra step that does not stop slips in any meaningful way" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Help and documentation is violated because no help text explains which button performs the destructive operation" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Error prevention is violated because the risky path is not differentiated, and confirmation alone does not stop slips" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Recognition over recall is violated because users must remember which colour-coded button maps to the destructive choice" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_principles__71506", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_principles", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Which Nielsen heuristic is violated when a modal dialog has no visible close button or escape mechanism?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Help and documentation" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "User control and freedom" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Consistency and standards" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Flexibility and efficiency of use" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_principles__10297", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_principles", "difficulty": 1, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Which property most lowers the effort users spend relearning as they move across several product surfaces?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Aggressive responsive breakpoint tuning" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Per-surface keyboard navigation schemes" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A richer design-token naming scheme" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Consistency in patterns and language" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_principles__300451", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_principles", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A team must triage a flow that is 'usable but unsatisfying'. They debate whether the gap is a usability problem or a UX problem. Which contrast best captures the distinction Norman would draw?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Usability is about whether users can finish the job effectively; UX covers the broader felt experience, expectations, and meaning before and after" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Usability is about the visual polish and brand consistency; UX covers whether users can finish the job effectively, before and after the work" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Usability is scored with NPS surveys once work ends; UX is scored purely by time-on-task inside a moderated research session" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Usability and UX are interchangeable terms; the distinction exists only in academic writing rather than in shipped product work or industry usage by practitioners today" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_principles__10256", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_principles", "difficulty": 1, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What do good signifiers in a UI primarily give the user?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Assurance that the system received their most recent action" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A spatial pairing between a control and the effect it produces" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A restriction that blocks invalid operations before they happen" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Perceivable cues about how an element can be interacted with" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.usability_testing__200348", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "usability_testing", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Which statement best describes a heuristic evaluation in the Nielsen sense?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Designers vote on which screens they personally find confusing and assign a confusing-ness score to each one before any user research" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Trained evaluators inspect an interface against a published set of usability heuristics and log violations they observe" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An automated tool crawls each page and flags any color contrast or aria-label failures it can detect against WCAG threshold values directly" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Real participants attempt tasks and the moderator rates each task against a standard rubric of task-completion criteria during the session" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.usability_testing__300469", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "usability_testing", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Which statement best describes the trade-off between moderated and unmoderated remote tests?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Moderated yields quantitatively significant findings; unmoderated yields qualitative anecdotes which are not actionable for product or design teams ever" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Moderated allows real-time probing of reasoning; unmoderated scales to more participants but loses the ability to ask follow-ups in the moment" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Moderated requires a lab environment; unmoderated requires a controlled office space with a non-disclosure agreement signed in advance by participants" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Moderated is for early prototypes only; unmoderated is for shipped products only because live products cannot be paused for facilitator interaction at all" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.usability_testing__71770", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "usability_testing", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is the difference between 'task completion rate' and 'task success rate' in usability metrics?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Completion rate applies to the entire test; success rate applies to individual tasks" } ], "shape": "code" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Completion rate measures whether users finished the task at all; success rate measures whether they completed it correctly within criteria" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "They measure the same thing and are interchangeable" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Task completion is a quantitative metric; task success is qualitative only" } ], "shape": "code" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.usability_testing__71617", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "usability_testing", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is 'guerrilla testing' in UX?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A/B testing with extremely large sample sizes" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Stress testing a server with thousands of simultaneous users" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Automated accessibility scanning of production websites" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Quick, informal usability tests conducted with random people in public places like coffee shops" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.usability_testing__400589", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "usability_testing", "difficulty": 4, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Which statement best describes the appropriate use of a between-subjects design when comparing two interface variants?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Each participant uses both variants but only the second one is timed, since the first attempt is treated as warm-up for the test interface comparison" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A single group of participants uses one variant, while a separate analyst group rates screenshots of the other variant for visual quality and polish later" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Each participant uses both variants back-to-back, and the order is fixed across the study so analysts can compare matched task times directly across them" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Each participant uses only one variant so prior exposure to the other variant cannot bias their performance or expectations on tasks" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.usability_testing__10265", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "usability_testing", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What does the think-aloud protocol add beyond silently watching users perform tasks?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A precise count of every misclick the participant makes during the task" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The participant's reasoning, expectations, and points of confusion as they act" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A guaranteed shorter session because narration speeds users through tasks" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An objective satisfaction score that does not depend on the participant" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.usability_testing__428193", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "usability_testing", "difficulty": 1, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A junior researcher hands participants a printed list of features and asks 'Can you find each of these in the app?'. Watching the recording later, the lead notices participants are scanning labels instead of trying to accomplish anything. What core mistake did the session make?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Recorded the screen instead of the face, which is what removes the ability to observe genuine hesitation and confusion" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Prompts named features instead of goals, turning the session into a label-matching exercise rather than realistic task performance" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Used a within-subjects design when a between-subjects comparison would have been the appropriate evaluation approach here" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Ran the session moderated when an unmoderated tool would have produced a more representative behavioural sample" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.usability_testing__926047", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "usability_testing", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A facilitator asks 'do you think this button is clear?' and the participant says 'yeah, totally clear', then fails to find it when given the actual task. Which interview mistake is this?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Skipped a pre-task baseline rating, so there was no quantitative anchor against which the post-task performance could be properly compared" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Ran the segment with too few participants, so one over-confident response disproportionately shaped the qualitative report's conclusions" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Asked a leading question that anchored the participant to a specific interpretation, when an open-ended phrasing would have produced honest critique" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Asked an evaluative opinion question that invited social-desirability agreement instead of observing behaviour on a realistic task" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.usability_testing__71917", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "usability_testing", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What does Lookback provide that distinguishes it from unmoderated testing tools?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Automated crawls that flag contrast and label defects across a running site on a nightly schedule" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Traffic simulations that push a site to its capacity ceiling and report where latency starts climbing" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Version history and sign-off routing for the source files a product team keeps in shared storage" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Live facilitated sessions with notes taken in the moment, observer rooms, and timestamped clips" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.usability_testing__71677", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "usability_testing", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Your team runs an A/B test where version B has 2% higher conversion but users report more frustration. Which version should you ship?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Investigate further: short-term conversion gains from manipulative patterns often cause long-term retention damage" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Run the test for another month to see if the frustration resolves itself" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Ship version A because user feelings are more important than business metrics" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Always ship version B because conversion rate is the only metric that matters" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.designer_cognition__92876287", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "designer_cognition", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A product lead calls every hard design problem 'wicked'. In Rittel and Webber's 1973 paper, which fields appear as examples where a problem-solver can try runs without penalty, the mark of a tame problem?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Software design, marketing, product strategy and service design" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Mathematics, chess, puzzle-solving and mechanical engineering design" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Urban planning, public health, education reform and welfare design" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Freeway location, tax rates, school curricula and crime policy design" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.designer_cognition__12553127997", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "designer_cognition", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Two problems come up in one design review. A senior designer who built the pricing logic cannot predict how a newcomer will read the pricing page. A junior researcher rates a weak test plan as above average and cannot see its flaws. Which pair of findings matches the two cases, in that order?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Ross's false consensus effect, then Rozenblit and Keil's illusion of explanatory depth" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Rozenblit and Keil's illusion of explanatory depth, then Ross's false consensus effect" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Camerer's curse of knowledge, then Kruger and Dunning's unskilled-and-unaware result" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Kruger and Dunning's unskilled-and-unaware result, then Camerer's curse of knowledge" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.designer_cognition__1084536689901", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "designer_cognition", "difficulty": 4, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A product org wants its designers' confidence to match how often they are right when they predict test outcomes. Nickerson's 1998 review contrasts weather forecasters with other professionals on calibration. What does the review credit for the forecasters' good calibration?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Group forecasting that averages out each person's individual errors" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Formal training in probability before starting professional work" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Public scrutiny of each forecast by audiences who remember errors" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Constant and immediate feedback on the accuracy of each prediction" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.designer_cognition__200476360751", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "designer_cognition", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A marketing lead plans to keep showing an error-heavy banner that users dislike, expecting repeated exposure to win them over. What do Reber, Schwarz and Winkielman report about repeated exposure to stimuli that start out negative?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "No change in liking, since exposure acts on neutral stimuli only" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Mixed results, with several studies finding liking went down" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Gains in liking once the viewer stops noticing the stimulus" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Consistent gains in liking, as with neutral or positive stimuli" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.designer_cognition__766733030742", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "designer_cognition", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An online store has plenty of traffic and full carts but low sales. The designers suspect the checkout button, and their survey asks shoppers whether that button was hard to find. Going by Nielsen Norman Group's account of confirmation bias in UX research, what is wrong with that survey question?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "It relies on self-report, which shoppers answer less honestly than clicks" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "It asks about a single screen, so the set of pages covered is too narrow" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "It steers every answer toward the one problem the team already suspects" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "It reaches only buyers who finished checkout, so the sample is skewed" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.designer_cognition__509719722804", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "designer_cognition", "difficulty": 4, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "After reading Henrich, Heine and Norenzayan's 2010 review, a researcher concludes that no perceptual finding from a Western sample can be applied to users elsewhere. Which evidence in the same review limits that conclusion?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "American undergraduates sat in the middle of every distribution studied" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Illusions like the perspective drawing illusion vary little across populations" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The Müller-Lyer illusion was equally strong in every population tested" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Western samples matched non-Western samples on fairness in economic games" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.designer_cognition__971895407184", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "designer_cognition", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "In a review, a designer who prefers the dense table view says the users who chose the card view 'must be a particular kind of person'. According to Ross, Greene and House, how do raters judge people whose choice differs from their own?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "As equally common and equally telling as a choice matching one's own" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "As rarer but no more telling than a choice matching one's own" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "As more common and less telling than a choice matching one's own" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "As rarer and more revealing of distinctive personal traits" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.designer_cognition__1066960564455", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "designer_cognition", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Clance and Imes described the impostor phenomenon in 1978 from clinical work with high-achieving women and wrote that it appeared less often in men. What did a 2020 systematic review by Bravata and colleagues, cited in a 2021 study of working adults, report?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The phenomenon is prevalent among women, men and multiple ethnic groups" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The phenomenon is found in men only when they hold senior roles" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The phenomenon is confined to women in academic and clinical careers" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The phenomenon disappears once women reach senior professional roles" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.designer_cognition__556758593103", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "designer_cognition", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A PM says the checkout redesign is a wicked problem. The team can ship variants to a small share of traffic, measure them and roll back any that fail. Which of Rittel and Webber's ten properties does that setup contradict most directly?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Every solution is a one-shot operation with no trial and error" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "There is no definitive formulation of a wicked problem" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Solutions are judged good-or-bad rather than true-or-false" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Every wicked problem can be read as a symptom of another" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.designer_cognition__296355833666", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "designer_cognition", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Camerer, Loewenstein and Weber gave one group of people information that another group lacked, then asked the better-informed group to predict the other group's judgments. What did the better-informed group fail to do?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Admit uncertainty when the extra information pointed in two directions" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Trust the other group's forecast over the evidence they held privately" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Ignore their own extra facts when guessing what the others would say" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Report their own estimates without looking at the other group's numbers" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_critique__950507", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_critique", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A senior designer who built a settings screen over four months reads it as clear, while people meeting it for the first time stall on it in every session. Which account fits both observations?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The screen is dense for everybody, and four months of use taught the senior designer shortcuts around the dense parts" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The screen is clear and the sessions are measuring an onboarding gap a first-run explanation would close" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The screen is clear in isolation and the sessions reach it through a task flow that arrives with the wrong expectations" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The screen is fluent for the one person who holds the model behind it, and that ease is taken for clarity" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_systems__71912", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_systems", "difficulty": 1, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is Storybook primarily used for in frontend development?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Managing a library of stock photography for designs" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Building and documenting UI components in isolation" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Creating illustrated storyboards for UX research" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Writing user stories for agile sprint planning" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_systems__300284", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_systems", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "How does a global token differ from an alias (semantic) token?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Global tokens hold raw values; alias tokens reference globals and carry contextual meaning." } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Global tokens are platform-specific compiled outputs; alias tokens are the unprocessed Sketch styles." } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Global tokens are dark-mode overrides; alias tokens contain the matching values used in light mode." } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Global tokens are stored in JSON files; alias tokens are inlined into each component's stylesheet file." } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_systems__71916", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_systems", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is the 'Tokens Studio' plugin for Figma used for?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Reporting how heavily each member of a team relies on the shared library" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Holding design tokens in the drawing tool and syncing them to a code repository" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Building animated collectible pieces for a game mock-up inside a prototype" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Minting API credentials so that a script can reach the drawing tool's own service" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_systems__300454", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_systems", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A consumer files a bug: 'Your Combobox loses focus when I open the listbox on iOS Safari, breaking screen-reader output.' The maintainer team has no iOS Safari device and limited a11y expertise. What is the strongest mitigation pattern for this kind of report?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Recommend consumers swap Combobox for a native select on touch devices via UA sniff" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Add a feature flag that disables the listbox animation when a screen reader is active in practice" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Document the iOS Safari behavior as a known limitation in the component's storybook" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Treat shared interactive primitives as a11y- and platform-tested first-class deliverables" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_systems__840163", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_systems", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "GitHub's Primer design system changed how it ships React components compared to its 2022 guidance. What is the supported pattern today?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Pull individual files from the Primer repo on GitHub and wire them up with bespoke build tooling" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Use the stable @primer/react components and adopt experimental drafts only via the explicit drafts entry" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Install the legacy primer-components package and re-export the parts you need through your own barrel in practice" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Copy JSX from the Primer Storybook stories into each repo and patch them manually per design update" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_systems__71575", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_systems", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is the primary benefit of using design tokens in a design system?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "They create a single source of truth for visual values consumable by both design tools and code" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "They automatically generate all of the UI components from scratch at build time" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "They remove the need for design reviews because the values are already agreed in the token file" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "They replace the need for any hand-written CSS in the application that ships to the browser" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_systems__300455", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_systems", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A new product needs a marketing page hero that shares typography and color with the app but has a custom layout used nowhere else. The team asks whether to add 'MarketingHero' to the shared library. What allocation best fits Atomic Design and system scope?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Compose it in the product from the shared atoms, molecules and design tokens, outside the library" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Build it in the shared library as a sanctioned organism so other sites can reuse it later" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Build it in the product as a fork of the system's atoms to allow custom typography" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Build it in the shared library as a template-tier composition anchored to that single marketing route" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_systems__71578", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_systems", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is the 'contribution model' in a design system?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A user contribution feature like comments or reviews" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The process for proposing and reviewing new components" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A financial model for funding the design system team" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A Git branching strategy for design file version control" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_systems__1038492", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_systems", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A design system team wants its tokens to flow into both web (CSS variables) and native (Swift / Kotlin) without writing each output by hand. Which current toolchain handles that translation?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Author tokens in the DTCG JSON format and transform them with Style Dictionary into platform outputs" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Maintain parallel Sass, Swift, and Kotlin files by hand and review them on every redesign release" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Publish a single CSS file and have native engineers parse the variables at app launch into platform types" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Store tokens as Figma styles only and let each platform team rewrite them in code per quarterly cycle" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.design_systems__300126", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "design_systems", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Choosing between a 'subatomic' token-only system and a full component library: when is the token-only approach the better fit?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "When the org has chosen one single framework and wants the system to ship turnkey components with state machines, animations, and full keyboard behavior already wired up" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "When consumer teams build wildly different UI shells across admin, marketing and mobile and only need a shared visual language, not shared widget behavior" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "When teams want identical interactive widgets shipped pre-built with focus management baked in, so they can avoid investing engineering time in accessibility primitives at all" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "When the company has no design resources at all and needs the system to dictate full reference layouts for every screen and complete navigation flows out of the box" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.user_research__71795", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "user_research", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is the difference between 'customer satisfaction' (CSAT) and 'Net Promoter Score' (NPS)?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The first yields words; the second yields numbers, so the two cannot be set side by side" } ], "shape": "code" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "CSAT rates one specific interaction; NPS rates willingness to recommend, a proxy for loyalty" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "They rate the identical underlying thing and differ purely in the numeric range that each one uses" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The second supersedes the first in current practice, so a modern team runs one metric" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.user_research__220471", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "user_research", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A PM recruits 'anyone who uses Slack' for a study about admin onboarding. Findings recommend simpler permission flows; the engineering team ships them; admin complaints rise. What broke?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Screener targeted users not admins: the sample lacked the role whose mental model the study claimed to capture." } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Findings were not triangulated against a usability test, so the qualitative claims went unvalidated." } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The interview script lacked open-ended probes, so admins could not surface their real frustrations." } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Sessions were probably moderated remotely instead of in-person, which weakened the observation quality." } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.user_research__71910", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "user_research", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A researcher needs five target-segment participants to attempt tasks on a prototype this week, with think-aloud video, without running recruitment themselves. Which kind of platform fits, and what does it not give you?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A survey platform that fields attitude questions to a panel but captures no observed task behavior" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A research-repository tool that tags and themes transcripts but does not recruit or run the sessions" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A usability-testing platform with a recruited panel and task-based video sessions, like UserTesting" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A product-analytics platform that reports task-completion rates across your live user base at scale" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.user_research__20021", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "user_research", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A UX researcher is asked to establish a continuous research program for a B2B SaaS product. What structural decisions most determine the program's long-term value?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Running monthly usability tests on every new feature regardless of risk level or research question priority" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Hiring more researchers to increase research volume across all product areas and organizational functions" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Replacing ad-hoc research requests with a single annual research sprint covering all product initiatives" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Embedding research in business rituals, creating a living insights repository, and defining intake protocols" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.user_research__418236", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "user_research", "difficulty": 4, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A team has interview transcripts in three languages and uses ML-based summarization to extract themes uniformly. Designers ship based on the summary; localized usability tests in two markets contradict it. What methodological flaw caused the divergence?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Cross-cultural meaning is lost in translation-then-summarization; native-language analysis is required before any cross-market synthesis." } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Sample sizes per market were unequal, so the dominant market's vocabulary skewed the unified theme extraction." } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "ML summarization weights high-frequency phrases, biasing the themes toward the largest single-language transcript pool." } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The interview script was not translated by native speakers, so the prompts were not semantically equivalent across markets." } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.user_research__71567", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "user_research", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is a 'journey map' in UX?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A tiered chart showing each page in a product and how those pages connect to each other" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A bar chart laying out the project schedule and who owns which milestone" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A timeline picture of somebody's whole experience with a product, feelings included" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A node diagram showing which services depend on which other services" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.user_research__71772", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "user_research", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "How does concept testing differ from usability testing in what it measures?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Concept testing happens after launch and usability testing happens before it" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Concept testing needs a working prototype; usability testing needs nothing built" } ], "shape": "code" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Concept testing asks whether the idea is wanted; usability asks whether it works" } ], "shape": "code" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Both kinds run identical procedures; the insight returned is the very same" } ], "shape": "code" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.user_research__71789", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "user_research", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is the difference between 'moderated' and 'unmoderated' card sorting?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A moderated sort uses physical cards; an unmoderated one runs purely on digital tooling" } ], "shape": "code" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A moderated sort has a facilitator probing the rationale; unmoderated just scales" } ], "shape": "code" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An unmoderated sort produces the more accurate grouping in each case run" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A moderated sort has no way of being conducted with a remote participant" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.user_research__71923", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "user_research", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A team has dozens of interview transcripts and wants to tag excerpts, surface recurring themes, and build a searchable insights repository. Which class of tool fits that job?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An unmoderated testing platform that recruits panelists and records them attempting scripted tasks" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A qualitative analysis and research-repository tool such as Dovetail, built for tagging and theming transcripts" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A live web-analytics tool that aggregates page views, funnels, and conversion rates across sessions" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A diagramming tool for building journey maps and service blueprints from already-synthesized findings" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.user_research__20017", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "user_research", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A researcher conducts semi-structured interviews and notices participants consistently describe what they think they should do, not what they actually do. What technique best addresses this?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Contextual inquiry: observe users in their actual work environment performing real tasks" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Switch to a survey with Likert scale questions" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Increase interview sample size to 20+ participants" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Ask participants to predict what they would do in hypothetical scenarios" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.choice_architecture__623965659653", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "choice_architecture", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Marketing wants to say a feature gives complete protection against phishing, when the feature blocks one class of phishing and the account still faces other risks. What do Tversky and Kahneman say about the sense of security that wording of this kind creates?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An effect limited to buyers without experience of security products" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An accurate reading, since the named attack class is fully removed" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A harmless effect, since buyers value reduced and removed risk equally" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An illusion produced by conditional framing of a risk that is only reduced" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.choice_architecture__1013568046741", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "choice_architecture", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Staw's 1976 study separated self-justification from a plain reaction to bad results. 240 business students allocated research funds to a company division a second time, after the study varied who made the first allocation and whether that division then did well or badly. Which group put the most money back into the division first chosen?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Students handed another officer's pick that then went on to decline" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Students handed another officer's pick that then went on to improve" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Students who picked the division themselves and then saw it improve" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Students who picked the division themselves and then saw it decline" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.choice_architecture__594156932131", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "choice_architecture", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "In their 1979 prospect theory paper, Kahneman and Tversky offer one everyday observation as evidence that losing a sum hurts more than winning the same sum pleases. Which observation is it?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Most people preferring a sure gain to a gamble of higher expected value" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Most people taking long-shot bets whose price exceeds expected winnings" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Most people insuring property at a premium above its expected loss" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Most people declining a fifty-fifty bet to win or lose an equal amount" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.choice_architecture__707360216051", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "choice_architecture", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "In Tversky and Kahneman's Problem 6, a first stage ends the game three times in four, and a player who gets through picks between a sure 30 dollars and an 80 percent chance of 45. Problem 7 offers the same final odds as a single step. The sure-looking option drew 74 percent in Problem 6 and 42 percent in Problem 7. Which effect do the authors say produced that gap?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Pseudocertainty, from judging the choice as though round two were already reached" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The certainty effect, as the game's thirty-dollar prize is guaranteed in Problem 7" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Psychological accounting, as the game's prize is booked against earlier winnings" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The reflection effect, as the game's first stage turns each gain into a loss" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.choice_architecture__975301357689", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "choice_architecture", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Kahneman, Knetsch and Thaler report telephone surveys in Toronto and Vancouver about a car dealer during a shortage. One version had the dealer end a 200-dollar discount below list price; the other had the dealer add 200 dollars above list. How did respondents judge the two moves?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Far more rated adding the markup acceptable than ending the discount" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Both moves rated unfair by similar majorities, as the gap is the same" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Both moves rated acceptable once the shortage was given as the reason" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Far more rated ending the discount acceptable than adding the markup" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.choice_architecture__690877602508", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "choice_architecture", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "In Kahneman and Tversky's 1979 Table I, 80 percent took a sure 3,000 over an 80 percent chance of 4,000, and 92 percent took the gamble once both outcomes were negative. What does this mirror-image pattern show that a steeper value curve below the reference point does not?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Risk aversion over gains turning into risk seeking over losses" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Losses weighing more than gains of the same size in money terms" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Sure gains preferred to merely probable gains of a larger size" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Parts shared by both options being ignored when choosing" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.choice_architecture__236494728115", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "choice_architecture", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Knetsch and Sinden, in a 1984 study reported by Kahneman, Knetsch and Thaler, gave some participants a lottery ticket and others two dollars, and later let each person swap one for the other. What did most participants do?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Swapped the two dollars for the ticket and its chance of a larger prize" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Split about evenly, as random assignment of the two items predicts" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Swapped the ticket for the two dollars, taking the certain amount" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Kept what they had been given, with very few swapping in either group" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.choice_architecture__1876597400", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "choice_architecture", "difficulty": 4, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Before a copy test, a product manager predicts that every participant who sees the loss wording will choose differently from how they would under the gain wording. What do Tversky and Kahneman say prospect theory predicts for a change of frame?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "No shift at all unless every person sees both wordings side by side" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A directional move in the group split, not a flip by each individual" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A shift only among the people new to the kind of choice at hand" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A reversal by every person, as framing effects hold universally" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.choice_architecture__73512476120", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "choice_architecture", "difficulty": 4, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A marketplace lets users trade two things: in-app credits that each carry a fixed, published cash redemption value, and profile badges with no published value. Kahneman, Knetsch and Thaler ran markets for both kinds of item. For which item does their evidence predict owners asking far more than buyers offer?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Neither, as repeated trading removes the gap for items of any kind" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Both badges and credits, as owning either one creates the same gap" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The credits, as items with a stated value hold owners most firmly" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The badges, as the redeemable tokens traded exactly as theory said" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.choice_architecture__188416148219", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "choice_architecture", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A team offers the same five-dollar credit on a low-priced add-on and on a high-priced plan. Far more customers act on the credit for the add-on. Which account does Tversky and Kahneman's calculator-and-jacket problem give for that pattern?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Customers on the plan fail to see a credit shown in small type" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The saving is judged relative to the price of the item it applies to" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The saving is judged relative to the customer's whole monthly budget" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Customers buying add-ons are more careful with every dollar spent" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.interaction_patterns__71825", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "interaction_patterns", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is 'loss aversion' and how does it affect UX conversion design?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "People would rather pick up fresh capability than hold on to what they already have" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "People weigh a gain and a loss of matching size as though the two were equivalent" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "People dread giving up what they hold more than they prize an equal gain elsewhere" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The pull applies to money changing hands and leaves product capability untouched" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.interaction_patterns__71632", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "interaction_patterns", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What UX anti-pattern does 'CAPTCHA fatigue' describe?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Displaying too many loading spinners at once so the page reads as broken" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Using too many font types on a single page so the text stops reading as one clear voice" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Having too many required form fields on a registration page in practice" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Overusing CAPTCHAs to the point where legitimate users are frustrated and abandon tasks" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.interaction_patterns__71806", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "interaction_patterns", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is 'progressive onboarding' and why is it more effective than front-loaded tutorials?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A staged email sequence sent out before the first sign-in happens" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A five-step wizard covering the whole capability set before access opens" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A run of hint overlays presented on the first visit to each screen" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Introducing each capability in context as somebody actually meets it" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.interaction_patterns__71543", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "interaction_patterns", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is an 'optimistic UI' pattern?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Showing only positive feedback and hiding all error states in practice" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Using bright, cheerful colors throughout the interface to lift the mood of the user" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Designing interfaces that assume users will never make mistakes in practice" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Immediately reflecting a user action in the UI before the server confirms success" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.interaction_patterns__201048", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "interaction_patterns", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is the tabs interaction pattern?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A series of breadcrumb segments that record the path back through the navigational hierarchy of the app" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A column of stacked headers whose bodies independently expand so several content blocks can be open" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A row of mutually exclusive section selectors where exactly one panel is presented at any given moment" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A horizontal strip of menu links that route the browser to a separate page for each top-level section" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.interaction_patterns__2058314", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "interaction_patterns", "difficulty": 1, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An empty list view in 2025 design systems (Polaris, Material 3 expressive) increasingly leads with what content per recent guidance?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A skeleton loader animation that runs indefinitely until populated" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An action-oriented CTA with a short line on what appears here" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A decorative illustration with the word 'No items found' under it" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A blank panel left intentionally empty to reduce visual noise too" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.interaction_patterns__100428", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "interaction_patterns", "difficulty": 1, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Which characterization best fits a toast notification?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A persistent banner pinned to the page that stays visible across navigations until the user closes it" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A side surface that opens from a screen edge to host secondary navigation or filter controls" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A confirmation window that demands an explicit click before the user can resume any other action" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A small non-blocking message that surfaces briefly and disappears without requiring a user response" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.interaction_patterns__834511", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "interaction_patterns", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An FAQ page uses an accordion with all panels closed by default. Heatmaps show users click headers, scan, then close them before opening the next: 70% of sessions read at most one item. The team wants users to compare two answers side by side. Which change best supports that intent?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Replace the accordion with a modal that opens each answer in a centered dialog" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Allow multiple panels to stay open simultaneously instead of auto-collapsing siblings" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Auto-open the top three panels on load and disable the close affordance entirely" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Replace the accordion with carousel slides users page through one answer at a time in practice" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.interaction_patterns__20042", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "interaction_patterns", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What are the second-order effects of implementing optimistic UI updates (showing success state before server confirmation) in a collaborative editing application?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Optimistic UI is always safe in collaborative apps because conflicts are automatically resolved by the server layer in practice" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Conflict handling grows complex when one user's optimistic write fails and rollback must reconcile committed state" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The only observable effect is a brief visual flicker when the server response differs from the optimistic update state" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Optimistic UI eliminates the need for conflict resolution entirely because all updates appear instantaneous to users in practice" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.interaction_patterns__20038", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "interaction_patterns", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What problem does the 'skeleton screen' pattern solve compared to a spinner?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Skeleton screens only work for image-heavy pages; spinners are still better for text-dominant interfaces" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Skeleton screens eliminate actual server response time by preloading content before the request completes in practice" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Spinners are deprecated and skeleton screens are the W3C-mandated replacement for loading indicators" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Skeleton screens show expected layout structure immediately, reducing perceived load time with spatial context" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.information_architecture__500673", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "information_architecture", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Comparing personalised navigation (per-user reordering of nav items based on behaviour) with a stable global IA for a complex enterprise app, which trade-off best captures the senior-IA viewpoint?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Adaptive menus that reorder items are the recommended default for expert users, because reordering cuts clicks at no cost to findability" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Personalisation lowers support load, because each user sees their own most-used items first and therefore needs less shared documentation and training" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A stable global IA rules out per-user shortcuts such as pinned or recent items, so the app must pick one model for every user" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Personalisation can speed habitual tasks but erodes shared mental model, training material accuracy, and support handoff between users" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.information_architecture__71973", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "information_architecture", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is 'progressive disclosure' grounded in from a cognitive science perspective?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Loss aversion from behavioural economics, where a withheld option reads as a loss to the person" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Shannon's entropy and channel capacity: the interface is treated as a wire with a fixed bit budget" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Observational modelling, where people copy the behaviour they watch other people perform first" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The narrow ceiling on working memory: revealing what matters at each step keeps load under it" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.information_architecture__10345", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "information_architecture", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "How can breadcrumb trails support complex content hierarchies?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "They list the pages visited earlier this session" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "They rank sibling pages by their popularity" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "They expose location and parent relationships" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "They surface algorithmic related-item suggestions" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.information_architecture__71588", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "information_architecture", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is a 'faceted navigation' pattern?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A filtering scheme for narrowing a result set along independent dimensions" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A menu that cycles its options through a slowly rotating carousel of panels" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A breadcrumb trail that lays out each possible route to the page" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A menu bar whose icons are drawn from simple geometric shapes" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.information_architecture__71959", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "information_architecture", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "What is 'information foraging theory' and what metaphor does it use?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Users follow scent cues from page to page, as animals forage" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A theory about how information degrades over time like perishable food" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A model for optimizing database query performance" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A framework for organizing content in chronological order" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.information_architecture__200343", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "information_architecture", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Comparing a hybrid card sort with a purely open one for refining categories already half-defined, what is the practical advantage of hybrid?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Participants rank items by importance rather than grouping them into named categories" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Participants are restricted to the provided labels only, which improves statistical reliability" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Participants vote on each other's groupings live, producing a consensus single tree too" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Participants can use predefined categories and also propose new ones when none fit" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.information_architecture__20034", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "information_architecture", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "In a usability study, participants repeatedly back out of a category branch that in fact leads to the content they want. How does the 'scent of information' concept account for this behavior, and what should it change about IA design decisions?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Scent measures the semantic distance between a page title and its body content for SEO optimization" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Scent describes how search engine algorithms index and rank individual navigation pages for crawling" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Information scent refers to visual hierarchy cues that draw users toward primary call-to-action elements" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Information scent is perceived relevance at each node, and weak scent makes users abandon good paths" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.information_architecture__2284917", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "information_architecture", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An e-commerce IA team runs an open card sort with 30 participants on 60 product cards. The dendrogram shows 'gift cards' clustering tightly with 'subscriptions' rather than with 'accessories'. The PM asks how to interpret this for the navigation taxonomy." } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The 30-participant sample is too small to be reliable, so the clustering pattern between those categories should be considered statistical noise" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Gift cards and subscriptions both lack physical form, so the cluster reflects only the absence of shipping rather than any user mental model too" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Card sort dendrograms only express label similarity, not concept similarity, so this clustering cannot inform the navigation hierarchy decisions" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Users group items by intent and purchase commitment rather than physical form, so a navigation built around purchase type fits their model" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.information_architecture__10341", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "information_architecture", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "When users struggle to find content what IA method helps reorganize navigation labels?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Card sorting" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Five-second testing" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Tree testing" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "First-click testing" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.information_architecture__10343", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "information_architecture", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Why should top-level navigation categories stay limited and distinct?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Wireframe annotation best practices in practice" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Consistency in interaction patterns in practice" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Reduce choice overload and overlap ambiguity" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Progressive disclosure of form fields" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.emotion_affect__894822912276", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "emotion_affect", "difficulty": 4, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "At a design review, someone proposes full-bleed background photos on every page, reasoning that appealing visuals buy user patience. What does NN/g's Arcadis example show happened to a participant's view of such photos?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Praise at first, then annoyance once he could not find things" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Indifference throughout, as he never mentioned the photos" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Praise throughout, since the photos kept him patient on tasks" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Annoyance at first, then praise once the tasks were complete" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.emotion_affect__794239719470", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "emotion_affect", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "NN/g reports a University of Nebraska-Lincoln study in which, after clicking a link, one group watched a looping progress bar while the page loaded and a control group saw no indicator. How did the progress-bar group differ?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Lower satisfaction, since the bar drew attention to the delay" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Higher satisfaction, and willing to wait about three times longer" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Higher satisfaction, with no change in how long they would wait" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Same satisfaction, and willing to wait about as long as the control" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.emotion_affect__752478529323", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "emotion_affect", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Before a vote between two illustration styles, a facilitator asks every stakeholder to write out their reasons for preferring one. What did Wilson and colleagues' 1993 studies find about people who explained why they liked a poster before choosing it?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "More pleasure from their chosen poster once it was at home" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Less pleasure from their chosen poster once it was at home" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The same choices as people who went with a gut preference" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Choices that art experts rated higher on aesthetic value" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.emotion_affect__1089868651360", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "emotion_affect", "difficulty": 4, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Winkielman and Fazendeiro told participants that background music could sway their reactions to primed pictures. Which instruction removed the liking boost the priming produced?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Crediting the music with how easily pictures came to mind" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Crediting the music with how long they looked at each one" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Crediting the music with their feelings about the pictures" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Giving no instruction about the music, as a control group" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.emotion_affect__1053236747555", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "emotion_affect", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A team plans to design a cancellation flow around only its most intense moment and its final screen, citing the peak-and-end rule. Which further factor do Fredrickson and Kahneman say can shape overall evaluations?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "How many times the user has already seen the same flow" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "How fast the experience improves or worsens across the episode" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "How the look of the first screen compares with the last one" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "How many screens the flow contains from start to finish" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.emotion_affect__122208921946", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "emotion_affect", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Lindgaard and colleagues note that the way a first impression colours later evaluation of a product goes by different names in different literatures. Which pairing do they give?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Mere exposure in marketing, anchoring in judgment research" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Halo effect in judgment research, priming in marketing" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Peak-end rule in marketing, framing in judgment research" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Halo effect in marketing, confirmation bias in judgment research" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.emotion_affect__1001236843759", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "emotion_affect", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A slide states that Zajonc 1980 proved emotion always comes before thought and runs independently of it. Which conclusion does the paper's abstract draw?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "One system in which feeling always follows cognitive appraisal" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "One system in which feeling always precedes and replaces thought" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Two fully separate systems that never influence one another" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Two separate, partly independent systems that influence each other" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.emotion_affect__237811311112", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "emotion_affect", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Nielsen Norman Group's write-up of the aesthetic-usability effect names one change in how people respond once they find an interface visually appealing. Which change?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Higher completion rates on the tasks the product sets them" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Better recall of where each item is placed in the navigation menu" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Greater tolerance of minor problems in how the product works" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Faster reading of the labels and text on each screen they see" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.emotion_affect__1017337262846", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "emotion_affect", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A team ships an unfamiliar new icon style. Nothing about the icons changes over the next months, yet repeat users' liking ratings climb steadily. Which effect best accounts for the rise?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Peak-end weighting of the latest session" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Aesthetic-usability tolerance of its flaws" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Thin-slice judgment from the first glance" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Mere exposure to the same unchanged design" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.emotion_affect__210236416205", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "emotion_affect", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Lindgaard and colleagues' 2006 studies showed homepage screenshots for 50 milliseconds and for 500 milliseconds. How did the appeal ratings from the shorter exposure relate to those from the longer one?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Reversed relative to them, with liked pages rated lower" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Unrelated to them once page complexity was controlled for" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Highly correlated with them across the same set of pages" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Correlated with them only for the pages rated appealing" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.memory_recognition__511355335444", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "memory_recognition", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A team's editor exposes a rarely used option to file old conversations away only as a typed slash command, and support logs show people asking where it went. NN/g contrasts interfaces that show the available commands with a command language users must produce from memory. Which change does that contrast support?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Adding a tooltip to the input that explains the archive slash command" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Adding the archive action to a menu that lists the thread's options" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Sending a release note that lists every slash command in the editor" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Renaming the slash command to a shorter word that is easier to type" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.memory_recognition__726403447130", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "memory_recognition", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A product org runs launch retrospectives in its Seoul and Boston offices and wants to know where memory of pre-launch predictions will be most distorted. In Choi and Nisbett's scenario study, after hearing that a seminarian had not helped a stranger, what probability did each group say it would have predicted?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Americans about 80 percent, Koreans about 50 percent" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Americans about 50 percent, Koreans about 80 percent" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Both groups about 50 percent, having heard the outcome" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Both groups about 80 percent, with equal surprise" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.memory_recognition__380230595382", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "memory_recognition", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A bug-report flow ends on a screen that asks users to fill in a twelve-field satisfaction survey, and the rest of the flow tests well. Fredrickson and Kahneman found that retrospective ratings of an episode followed its most intense moment and its final moments far more than its length. Where does that finding direct the next design effort?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Polishing the middle screens that already test well with users" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Replacing the long survey on the last screen with a short confirmation" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Cutting two earlier screens and keeping the survey at the end" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Adding a progress bar above the survey on the final screen" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.memory_recognition__977122179597", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "memory_recognition", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "In Fredrickson and Kahneman's Study 2, one group ranked film clips from memory without warning, and a control group knew in advance that it would rank them. How did the length of a clip affect the two groups' rankings?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Large in both, and largest when rankings were planned in advance" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Small in both, and smallest when rankings were made from memory" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Small in both, and smallest when rankings were planned in advance" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Large in both, and largest when rankings were made from memory" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.memory_recognition__806129625348", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "memory_recognition", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An onboarding script tells new admins that they will be quizzed on the permission names at the end of setup. In Hyde and Jenkins's word-list study, some people were warned of a recall test and some were not. What predicted recall in both groups?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Whether each word was checked for the letter E" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Whether each word was rated for pleasantness" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Whether each word was counted letter by letter" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Whether the person was told a test would follow" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.memory_recognition__512371498713", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "memory_recognition", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Which interface features does NN/g cite as helping users get back to content they saw earlier without having to recall its name?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Onboarding tours and first-run feature tips" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Keyboard shortcuts and typed slash commands" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Blank search fields with no autocomplete" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Recently viewed items and past search history" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.memory_recognition__799725664072", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "memory_recognition", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Miller reported that people can sort a single tone dimension into about seven categories and can repeat back about seven digits. He called treating these two limits as one process a fundamental mistake. What separates them in his account?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "One is capped by sensory noise, the other by how long items stay in mind" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "One is capped by sensory noise, the other by bits of information" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "One is capped by attention, the other by how long items stay in mind" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "One is capped by bits of information, the other by the count of items" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.memory_recognition__542118319842", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "memory_recognition", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An admin console shows a 16-character recovery code as one unbroken string, and support hears that people lose their place while copying it by hand. Miller described recoding as grouping input into units and remembering the units. Which display change applies that idea?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Adding a copy button and hiding the code from view" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Showing the code with every character spelled out" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Showing the code as four blocks of four characters" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Showing the code in a larger, higher-contrast font" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.memory_recognition__349402997954", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "memory_recognition", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A designer proposes a custom basket illustration in place of the usual cart icon on a store's product pages. NN/g's consistency-and-standards article says users bring expectations from the other sites where they spend most of their time. Which choice does that support?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A plain text link reading Cart, with no icon or symbol beside it" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The custom basket, drawn in the brand's own illustration style" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An icon that alternates between the basket and the cart symbol" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The conventional cart symbol shoppers already know from other stores" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.memory_recognition__782733875181", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "memory_recognition", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A mobile app puts every navigation link behind a menu icon. In NN/g's quantitative test on phones, which alternative layout raised navigation use above the 57% of cases seen with the hidden menu, and to what level?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A fully visible layout with all links in view, used in 86% of cases" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A combination layout with some links in view, used in 86% of cases" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A combination layout with some links in view, used in 62% of cases" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A bottom tab bar with every link in view, used in 95% of cases" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.motivation_persistence__629379699875", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "motivation_persistence", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Noskeau, Santos and Wang modelled three goal orientations in working adults alongside mindset and fear of failure. One designer volunteers to present every concept to the executive team so as to be seen as capable; a colleague stays out of those reviews so nobody can judge them as weak. In the structural model, with its other paths included, which orientation had a significant direct relationship with impostor feelings?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Avoiding negative judgments of one's competence" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Proving competence to win favourable judgments" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Mastering new skills to build one's own ability" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "All three orientations to a similar degree" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.motivation_persistence__851236740494", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "motivation_persistence", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "During a crunch, a team's pulse survey shows high engagement and people saying the work absorbs them. The head of design reads this as evidence that the crunch is costing nothing in original work. What did Amabile and colleagues' diary study of project teams find that bears on that reading?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Intrinsic motivation rising with pressure, alongside a drop in creative processing" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Engagement falling under pressure, which is the route by which creativity drops" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Creative processing rising with pressure up to a middle point, then falling off" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "No link between pressure and creative processing once hours were controlled for" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.motivation_persistence__449559436376", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "motivation_persistence", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Each designer on a squad carries an individual target for features shipped, while the squad's own target is week-four retention. Features ship fast and retention stays flat. Which finding reported in Locke and Latham's 2002 review fits that pattern?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Goals set by a team itself outperform goals that a manager hands down" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Specific hard goals raise effort for anyone who holds them, on any team" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Personal goals out of line with the group's goal harm the group's result" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Retention goals need weekly summary feedback before any effect shows" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.motivation_persistence__777485869409", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "motivation_persistence", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A research lead argues that a dead end in the company's billing flow will lower the effort customers put into unrelated software from other vendors, citing Hiroto and Seligman 1975, where helplessness crossed from one kind of task to another. Which limit do the authors state on that carry-over?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The transfer held only between tasks of one kind, cognitive to cognitive or motor to motor" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Participants saw both tasks as parts of one experiment, and transfer outside the lab was untested" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The debilitation faded within the session and was gone by the time of the second task" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The effect appeared only in students who scored as externally controlled on Rotter's scale" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.motivation_persistence__562594442753", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "motivation_persistence", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A head of product wants a team's buy-in on an ambitious retention number and is choosing between working the number out with the team and handing it down. Latham and Erez had published conflicting results on this and ran joint studies to settle them. With the number's difficulty held equal, which condition made a handed-down goal perform as well as a jointly set one?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Attaching a cash bonus that is paid only on success" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Letting each engineer pick the metric they are judged on" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Announcing it in a public meeting with the whole org" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Giving the purpose behind it when it is announced" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.motivation_persistence__1057600870745", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "motivation_persistence", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Locke and Latham define two kinds of goal. A design lead asks one designer for five structurally different layouts for an empty state by Friday, and asks another for an empty state that lifts week-one activation by three points. On their definitions, which quantity does the first request set a level for?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Output volume on the task, counted in screens made" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "How hard the task is, apart from the level of goal" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Strategies or ideas acquired for doing the task well" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The score reached on the task within a fixed time" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.motivation_persistence__746148939627", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "motivation_persistence", "difficulty": 4, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A product team adds celebratory messages that praise people each time they complete a lesson in a learning app. Every lesson, its order and its pace are fixed by the app. What does cognitive evaluation theory, as Ryan and Deci summarise it, predict for intrinsic motivation?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A drop, because any praise acts as an expected reward tied to performance" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A steady rise, because positive feedback raises perceived competence alone" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "No change, because feedback affects output and leaves motivation alone" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "No rise, because competence feedback works only with a sense of autonomy" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.motivation_persistence__1022088691583", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "motivation_persistence", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Ryan and Deci place amotivation, the state of having no intention to act, at the far left of their continuum. Which three sources of it do they name?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Missed deadlines, vague goals, and no word on progress from a line manager" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Boredom with the job, tiredness from effort, and fear of being judged by peers" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Too little reward, too much choice, and too little contact with other people" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Not valuing the activity, not feeling able to do it, not expecting it to pay off" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.motivation_persistence__1165342850", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "motivation_persistence", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Ericsson, Krampe and Tesch-Romer name a motivational constraint on deliberate practice. What reason do they give for why performers engage in it at all?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The prizes and pay that come with each session" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The gain in performance it leads to later" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The enjoyment of the activity while doing it" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The approval of the teacher who sets the tasks" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.motivation_persistence__108147271609", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "motivation_persistence", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "In a quarterly survey, the team with the stretch roadmap reports the lowest satisfaction with its own results while shipping the most. A VP proposes easing that team's goals to raise morale. Which pattern in Locke and Latham's review bears on the proposal?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Hard goals lower output over time, because dissatisfaction erodes goal commitment" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Hard goals raise output by setting a high bar below which people are dissatisfied" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Easy goals raise satisfaction and output together, since success comes more often" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Satisfaction drives output, so raising morale first will lift what the team ships" } ], "shape": "long" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.change_adoption__137837027464", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "change_adoption", "difficulty": 4, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An AI route planner for field technicians commits the same few errors for everyone. Veterans who know their territory stop using it within weeks, while recent hires keep using it. Which finding reviewed by Lee and See explains the split?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "More exposure to errors, since veterans plan more routes every week" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Recent hires' lower bar for errors, since they lack other options" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Endowment of old paper maps, which errors gave veterans reason to keep" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Self-confidence that makes errors cut reliance faster in known areas" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.change_adoption__207731695145", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "change_adoption", "difficulty": 4, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "During a pricing migration, one design offers existing customers their present plan plus one alternative; another offers their present plan plus five alternatives. Samuelson and Zeckhauser's aggregated results bear on which design makes customers likelier to stay on the present plan. Which is it?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The longer offer, since extra plans push people toward the cheapest one" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The longer offer, since the status quo edge rises with the number of options" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Neither offer, since the present plan keeps a fixed appeal at any length" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The shorter offer, since one rival makes the present plan look safest" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.change_adoption__673678550053", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "change_adoption", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Nielsen Norman Group separates two kinds of consistency. A company's product suite uses its own date entry field in every product, and a newly built product adopts the calendar picker most websites use instead. Which trade has that team made?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Conformity to web convention, at the price of sameness across the suite" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Both kinds, since a calendar picker is also the suite's own standard" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Neither kind, since only the look of a single field has changed" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Sameness across the suite, at the price of conformity to web convention" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.change_adoption__980098645703", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "change_adoption", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "After a migration left users facing repeated dead ends, a researcher proposes a fix built on the 1967 learned helplessness theory: users learned that nothing they do matters, so the team should stop the dead ends and wait for that belief to fade. Which revision from Maier and Seligman's 2016 review changes the plan?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Passivity is the unlearned default, so users need visible proof their actions work" } ], "shape": "long" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Passivity is learned faster than thought, so users need a full product reset" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The original theory holds, so removing the dead ends lets users recover alone" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Helplessness forms only in animals, so it does not apply to software users" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.change_adoption__928171636050", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "change_adoption", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Adoption of a two-factor sign-in, which users must switch on themselves, is flat. The team's plan is a large education campaign: an email to every account plus in-app explainers. What happened when the Netherlands paired a national donor registry with a mass mailing of more than 12 million letters?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A rise among people who opened the letter" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A doubling of the effective consent rate" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A rise that faded within the following year" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "No change in the effective consent rate" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.change_adoption__226838139410", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "change_adoption", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A product manager wants to know why the preselected option in a rollout wins so reliably. Which three causes do Johnson and Goldstein give for the influence of a no-action choice?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An implied recommendation, peer pressure, and fear of regulators" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Social proof, scarcity, and a feeling of owing the product's makers" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Hidden options, low reading ability, and pressure to finish quickly" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An implied recommendation, the effort of deciding, and loss aversion" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.change_adoption__911359243829", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "change_adoption", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Users shown the old and redesigned icon sets side by side prefer the old set, yet in a follow-up they cannot say which icons were changed. Which finding reviewed by Zajonc accounts for a preference without that recognition?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Liking that rises with exposure count only for items people mark as seen before" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Liking that rises with price paid, independent of the number of showings" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Liking that rises with exposure count even for items people fail to identify" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Liking that falls with exposure once people forget where they saw it" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.change_adoption__472943925155", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "change_adoption", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A product lead argues that banner blindness is a relic of early-2000s web ads and no longer applies to announcements inside a modern app. What did Nielsen Norman Group's 2018 eyetracking update report?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Still common, with the behaviour now documented across three decades" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Replaced by blindness to headlines, while ads now draw attention first" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Only present on phones, where small screens magnify the effect of ads" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Largely gone, since readers now trust ads shown inside familiar apps" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.change_adoption__913574057265", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "change_adoption", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Kahneman, Knetsch and Thaler's 1991 review uses Thaler's term for a pattern a team meets when it asks customers to give up a tool they already hold. Which asymmetry does that term name?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Owners rate an item as more attractive than non-owners rate the same item" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Non-owners pay more for an item once they learn that owners value it" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Owners want far more to part with an item than non-owners would pay for it" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Sellers ask less for an item the longer they have kept it in daily use" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "ux_design.change_adoption__302665655364", "topic": "ux_design", "subSkill": "change_adoption", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A team tests three versions of a data-sharing setting: preset to on, preset to off, and a forced choice with nothing preselected. Johnson and Goldstein ran the same three conditions for organ donation. Which comparison did they report as not significantly different?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "All three versions, since a single click reversed any preset" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A non-donor preset versus a forced choice with nothing preset" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A donor preset versus a non-donor preset, with one click to change" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A donor preset versus a forced choice with nothing preset" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.org_decision_dynamics__395307726317", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "org_decision_dynamics", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A design lead reads a calm, friendly critique, where nobody showed strain before agreeing on a subjective visual direction, as evidence that nobody felt pressure to agree. Which of Asch's observations bears most directly on that reading?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Distress rose with majority size, peaking with a group of sixteen" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "On less clear tasks the effect rose as subjects' distress fell" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "On clear tasks subjects who yielded showed visible distress each time" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Subjects facing a unanimous group always showed signs of open stress" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.org_decision_dynamics__615135797298", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "org_decision_dynamics", "difficulty": 3, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An engineering manager proposes measuring psychological safety with a single survey question about whether people trust their teammates' intentions. How does Edmondson relate the two constructs?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Trust and safety are identical and one question covers both" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Safety is a narrower subset of the trust between two colleagues" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Trust is unrelated, since safety concerns only the team leader" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "The climate involves trust and goes further, adding mutual respect" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.org_decision_dynamics__594246444741", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "org_decision_dynamics", "difficulty": 4, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Across three design reviews, one senior engineer backs a junior designer's objection in the first two, then switches to the majority view in the third. Asch ran this sequence with an instructed partner who answered correctly and then moved to the majority midway. What happened to the critical subjects' error rate after the switch?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Stayed near 5.5 per cent, as the earlier support carried over" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Rose to near its full level, 28.5 per cent of all judgments" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Settled at 10.4 per cent, the level seen with two naive subjects" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Fell to zero, since the subjects had practised standing apart" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.org_decision_dynamics__1076047961623", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "org_decision_dynamics", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A company moves every continue-or-kill call on a stalled feature from the individual product owner to a five-person investment committee, citing Staw's 1976 study as the evidence. Which limit of that study applies to the move?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Every allocation was made alone, and no group body was studied" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Its data showed groups cut losses sooner than lone deciders did" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Its committees escalated more than individuals in a second phase" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Its effect held only for losses under a set amount of money" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.org_decision_dynamics__1022760661187", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "org_decision_dynamics", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "An engineer in a planning meeting argues that UX debt is technical debt under a new label, since both mean rework later. Nielsen Norman Group lists costs of deferring a design fix that go beyond redoing the code. Which cost is on that list?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Sales demos that must be re-recorded after each interface update" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Users who have built habits around the flawed screen and resist change" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Designers who lose track of which mockup version was approved" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Analytics baselines that reset each time the page is redesigned" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.org_decision_dynamics__982677564103", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "org_decision_dynamics", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "In a planning review an engineering manager asks the design lead for evidence that deferring a design fix always costs more than getting it right before launch. The design lead's source is Nielsen Norman Group's UX-debt article. What kind of support does that article give the claim?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A practitioner argument from examples and the technical-debt analogy" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A controlled study comparing costs of fixes made before and after launch" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A longitudinal survey of teams that tracked their UX debt for years" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A meta-analysis of project budgets across many software teams" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.org_decision_dynamics__284615623360", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "org_decision_dynamics", "difficulty": 2, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A product lead cites Asch 1952 in a memo about design reviews. Which quantity did Asch use as the measure of the majority effect?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Change in each subject's private confidence ratings across trials" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Share of estimates matching the planted group's distorted answer" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Number of subjects who said later that they doubted their eyes" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Time each subject took to announce an answer after the group" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.org_decision_dynamics__443439417066", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "org_decision_dynamics", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A product lead whose feature has flat usage must recommend continue or stop at a quarterly review in front of executives, while her promotion case is open. A colleague cites Staw 1976 to say the audience will make her escalate. What does the paper offer on that point?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A proposed but untested motive of proving the call right to others" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A finding that audiences made subjects cut losses more readily" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A measured effect of observers in the room on the sums allocated" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A ruling that public reviews remove self-justification altogether" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.org_decision_dynamics__139770929588", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "org_decision_dynamics", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "In a pricing review five stakeholders back an extreme discount; one more, speaking just before the product designer, backs a smaller discount that the data also fails to justify. Asch tested this arrangement with a 'compromise partner' who broke unanimity while still answering wrongly. What did he find?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Errors fell sharply, and most errors stayed as extreme as the majority's" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Errors fell to the level seen with a partner who answered correctly" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Error frequency stayed the same, and errors stayed extreme as before" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Error frequency barely moved, but most errors shifted to the middle" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } }, { "questionId": "product_mgmt.org_decision_dynamics__173122287997", "topic": "product_mgmt", "subSkill": "org_decision_dynamics", "difficulty": 5, "stem": [ { "type": "p", "runs": [ { "t": "text", "v": "A finance partner argues that people add money to a losing feature because they expect a turnaround after a run of bad results, and that personal involvement has nothing to do with it. Which result in Staw's 1976 data weighs against that account?" } ] } ], "widget": { "kind": "mcq", "options": [ { "id": "o1", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Spending rose after bad news in equal measure in every condition" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o2", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Bad news raised spending only for those who had made the first choice" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o3", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Good news raised spending as much as bad news did for all groups" } ], "shape": "short" }, { "id": "o4", "label": [ { "t": "text", "v": "Spending fell after bad news for those who had made the first choice" } ], "shape": "short" } ] } } ] }